The short hand points to the hour (1 to 12). The long hand counts minutes (each big number is 5 minutes — so when it points to 6, that's 30 minutes past).
In Vietnamese, days are mostly numbered from Sunday (Chủ Nhật, the "lord's day") and counting up. Monday is "second day" (Thứ Hai) — there's no "first" because Sunday already starts the week.
Vietnam doesn't really have four seasons — Saigon has just two: mùa khô (dry season, December–April) and mùa mưa (rainy season, May–November). But many places have four: